Wonten pundi wonten kekarepan, wonten mriku wonten margi. Donya Kilèn ugi saged ngicalaken perbudakan sanajan wonten Perang Donya 1 lan 2. Nanging Islam mboten namung mboten ngicalaken perbudakan, nanging malah ngrebat kathah hak-hak dhasar manungsa, ingkang sejatosipun saged dipunparingaken kanthi gampil dhumateng para batur tukon (budak).
Para juru dakwah Muslim asring nggadhahi alesan kados mekaten:
Mriksani kados pundi para batur tukon kulit cemeng saking Afrika-Amerika, sasampunipun dipunbebasaken mawi Amandemen kaping 13, kedah nandang sengsara lan sapérangan wonten ingkang tilar donya sasampunipun dipunbebasaken. Amargi punika, Islam mboten saged ngicalaken perbudakan amargi para batur tukon mangké saged nandang sengsara ingkang sami kados batur tukon kulit cemeng wonten ing Amerika.
Mekaten ugi, saben perang mesthi ngasilaken batur tukon, lan umat Islam mboten saged ngicalaken punika piyambakan kanthi sepihak, nalika para Kuffar ugi ndadosaken umat Islam batur tukon sasampunipun perang.
Menawi dipuntingali saking babagan ékonomi, perbudakan punika gayut langsung kaliyan ékonomi, lan mboten mukmin saged dipunicalaken sakabehipun, ugi mboten saged mbebasaken sedaya batur tukon ingkang dados hak kagungan pribadi para bendaranipun, ingkang dipuntumbas saking pasar batur tukon.
Wangsulan:
Ingkang kapisan, argumèn saking umat Muslim babagan batur tukon Afrika-Amerika punika mboten gadhah aji sejatos. Perbudakan ugi dipunicalaken wonten ing saindenging bawana Eropa, nanging mboten wonten masalah kados mekaten wonten ing Eropa. Sejatosipun, Krajan Inggris ugi ngicalaken perbudakan saking sedaya jajahanipun wonten ing saindenging donya, nanging para batur tukon mboten nandang masalah kados mekaten wonten ing wilayah jajahan kasebat.
Sejatosipun, “Racial Prejudice” (prasangka rasial) saking para panyengkuyung supremasi kulit pethak wonten ing Amerika ingkang nggadhahi peran paling ageng ingkang ndadosaken uripipun para batur tukon Afrika-Amerika nandang kesusahan sasampunipun dipunbebasaken. Pitakonanipun, menawi para Sahabat (inggih punika para pendhèrèk Nabi Muhammad) ugi nggadhahi “prasangka rasial” dhateng sedaya batur tukon, punapa Allah/Muhammad rumaos ajrih saéngga mboten wanton mbebasaken para batur tukon wonten ing negari Islam.
Ingkang kaping kalih lan ingkang paling wigati, sanajan perang ingkang lumampah terus-terusan ngasilaken batur tukon ingkang énggal, sejatosipun Allah/Muhammad taksih saged paring hak-hak dhasar manungsa ingkang langkung saé dhateng para batur tukon, saéngga saged nyuda kasangsaranipun. Nanging, Allah/Muhammad mboten kasil paring hak dhasar ingkang paling minimal minangka manungsa dhateng para batur tukon.
Minangka tuladha, Raja Ashoka ingkang Agung saking India ugi mboten saged ngicalaken perbudakan sakabehipun amargi wontenipun perang ingkang terus-terusan. Nanging, piyambakipun kasil ngicalaken sedaya wujud perdagangan batur tukon lan pasar batur tukon wonten ing India.
Punika wonten mriki dhaptar sapérangan hak dhasar manungsa ingkang sejatosipun saged dipunparingaken kanthi gampil dening Allah/Muhammad dhumateng para batur tukon, lan para sahabatipun mesthi mboten badhé mbaléla dhumateng Allah/Muhammad. Ékonomi Negari Islam ugi mboten badhé ambruk amargi paring hak-hak dhasar kasebat:
Allah/Muhammad gadhah panguwaos kagem paring pilihan dhateng para wanita tawanan perang, kados ta: (a) paring kamardikan dhateng piyambakipun lan anak-anakipun kagem wangsul dhumateng kulawarganipun, amargi piyambakipun mboten salah lan mboten pantes dados batur tukon salawasing urip; (b) marengaken piyambakipun krama kaliyan tiyang jaler Muslim kanthi idin piyambakipun menawi mboten gadhah sanak sedhèrèk; utawi (c) saora-oranipun, paring dhawuh menawi wonten tiyang jaler Muslim ingkang nggadhahi kekarepan dhateng wanita tawanan kasebat, piyambakipun kedah nikahi wanita kasebat lan mboten pareng sade dhumateng tiyang sanès sasampunipun sesambungan sèksual sawetawis wektu. **** Sanajan Kitab Suci Alkitab marengaken tiyang jaler krama kaliyan wanita tawanan mboten mawi idin, nanging tetep kedah mawi krama (pernikahan) lan dipunlarang sade wanita kasebat sasampunipun wonten sesambungan sèksual. Nanging wonten ing Islam, tiyang jaler Muslim dipunparengaken ruda peksa (merkosa) wanita tawanan mboten mawi idin, lan salajengipun saged dipunsade dhumateng tiyang jaler sanès, ingkang mangké badhé dipunruda peksa malih wonten ing sesambungan sèksual sawetawis wektu mboten mawi idin, lan saged dipunsade malih sasampunipun mboten gadhah rasa tresna. Kawicaksanan kagem sesambungan sèksual ingkang bola-bali lan sade batur tukon wanita ingkang bola-bali punika dipunparengaken wonten ing hukum Islam. [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Allah/Muhammad saora-oranipun saged nglarang ruda peksa dhateng prawan lan bocah-banyhak wadon ingkang taksih alit wonten ing wengi kapisan. Menawi tiyang Yahudi lan Kristen (ingkang dados tangga tepalih Muhammad) sampun nindakaken aturan saking Kitab Suci Alkitab lan mboten nindakaken ruda peksa dhateng batur tukon wanita lan bocah wadon wonten ing sasi kapisan sawetawis éwonan taun sadèrèngipun Muhammad, kenging punapa Allah/Muhammad mboten saged nindakaken bab ingkang sami? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Menawi kanjeng Nabi Muhammad kersa, piyambakipun saged marengaken batur tukon wanita nganggo Hijab (nalika mboten nembe nyambut damel) lan nutupi payudaranipun ingkang nglegena. Bab punika mboten gadhah sesambungan kaliyan kahanan ékonomi, nanging gayut kaliyan hak dhasar manungsa. Nanging Allah/Muhammad malah milih margi kosok balènipun. Mboten namung payudara batur tukon wanita ingkang kedah tetep dipunbikak ing ngarep umum, nanging piyambakipun ugi dipungebuki mawi sabetan tebu menawi wonten kekarepan nutupi awakipun kanthi nganggo Hijab. [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Allah/Muhammad saged nampi paseksen (kesaksian) saking batur tukon wonten ing pengadilan, lan para Sahabat mboten badhé mbaléla dhateng Allah/Muhammad amargi bab punika, amargi mboten wonten sesambunganipun kaliyan ékonomi. Nanging Allah/Muhammad kepengin ngesoraken drajat batur tukon jaler lan wanita. Sejatosipun, Islam/Muhammad malah mboten marengaken tiyang non-Muslim paring paseksen dhateng tindak kejahatan ingkang dipuntindakaken dening tiyang Muslim ingkang mardika wonten ing pengadilan. Bab punika dipuntindakaken kagem ngasoraken drajat tiyang non-Muslim. Nalika Allah/Muhammad ngrebat hak dados “saksi” saking batur tukon wanita, para wanita ingkang kesrakat punika mboten saged tindak dhateng pengadilan kagem dados saksi saking tiyang ingkang ngruda peksa piyambakipun, utawi dhateng bendaranipun piyambak menawi dipunpeksa dados pelacur. Amargi punika ayat 33:59 nyebutaken bilih para Sahabat asring pinarak wonten ing pinggir margi lan nindakaken pelecehan sèksual dhateng batur tukon wanita. Lan Allah/Muhammad mboten paring paukuman dhateng para sahabat kasebat, nanging namung mbedakaken antawisipun wanita mardika lan batur tukon mawi Hijab, saéngga para Sahabat mboten ngganggu wanita ingkang mardika. [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Allah/Muhammad saged kanthi gampil mbebasaken para simbah utawi tiyang sepuh kanthi mboten mejahi piyambakipun sasampunipun dipundadosaken tawanan perang. Punapa mbebasaken para simbah kasebat badhé ngrusak ékonomi Kakhalifahan Islam ingkang agung? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Allah/Muhammad saged kanthi gampil netepaken bilih nyawanipun batur tukon punika sami ajrinipun kaliyan nyawanipun bendaranipun. Lan piyambakipun saged netepaken Qisas (utawi paukuman fisik sanèsipun) kagem nyegah para bendara nggendring utawi mejahi batur tukonipun. Namung paring pitutur supados mboten napuk pasuryanipun punika mboten cekap, kedahipun wonten paukuman fisik kagem para bendara ingkang nggendring utawi mejahi batur tukon. Sepisan malih, bab punika mboten gadhah sesambungan kaliyan ékonomi, nanging kalebet hak dhasar manungsa. Punapa para Sahabat badhé mbaléla dhumateng Allah/Muhammad menawi getihipun batur tukon dipunanggep sami kaliyan bendaranipun? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Piyambakipun saged marengaken para batur tukon kagem gadhah rasa tresna, lan krama kaliyan wanita pilihanipun piyambak. Punapa paring hak dhasar kados mekaten badhé saèstu ngrusak Ékonomi Negari Islam ingkang agung? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Piyambakipun saged nglarang para bendara Muslim ngrusak kulawarganipun batur tukon kanthi mendhet garwanipun batur tukon jaler kagem hawa nepsunipun lan ngruda peksa piyambakipun. [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Piyambakipun saged paring dhawuh bilih para bendara mboten pareng mboten ngakoni anak kandhungipun saking batur tukon wanita. Punapa bab punika badhé ngganggu Ékonomi Negari Islam? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Piyambakipun saged paring dhawuh kagem ngakhiri sistem “Slavery by Birth” (inggih punika anak-anakipun batur tukon kanthi otomatis lair dados batur tukon wonten ing Islam). Punapa bab punika saèstu ngrusak Ékonomi Negari Islam ingkang agung? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Piyambakipun saged paring dhawuh bilih mboten pareng misahaken bayi (sasampunipun gadhah untu gerham kalih nalika umur 6 sasi) saking ibu batur tukonipun lan salajengipun dipunsade wonten ing Pasar Batur Tukon Islam. Punapa larangan sade bayi umur 6 sasi kasebat badhé saèstu ngrusak ékonomi Negari Islam ingkang agung? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Menawi wonten batur tukon ingkang lumayu, punika ateges piyambakipun kepengin urip minangka tiyang mardika. Nanging Muhammad malah dhawuh kagem mbeleh batur tukon kasebat menawi lumayu. Kenging punapa? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Piyambakipun saged nglarang “hak kagungan pribadi” dhumateng batur tukon lan saged netepaken bilih sedaya tawanan/batur tukon namung saged dipungadhahi dening Negari. Minangka tuladha, Aturan Draco (ingkang dipunserat 1200 taun saderèngipun Islam), netepaken bilih namung Negari ingkang gadhah hak nggadhahi batur tukon (pranala{._3t5uN8xUmg0TOwRCOGQEcU target=“_blank” rel=“nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer”}).
Piyambakipun saora-oranipun saged ngakhiri Pasar Batur Tukon, wonten mriku para batur tukon wanita ingkang kesrakat dipunpameraken kanthi setengah nglegena, lan para panumbas dipunparengaken ndemek perangan awakipun ingkang wadi. Menawi Raja Ashoka ingkang Agung saking India saged ngakhiri Perdagangan Batur Tukon lan Pasar Batur Tukon 800 taun saderèngipun Islam, kenging punapa Muhammad (utawi panguwaos Muslim ingkang kiyat kados Umar bin Khattab) mboten saged ngakhiri perdagangan batur tukon lan Pasar Batur Tukon? [Katrangan langkung jangkep wonten mriki]
Piyambakipun saora-oranipun saged ngakhiri perdagangan batur tukon kaliyan negari-negari non-Muslim, wonten mriku para bendara Muslim saged sade batur tukon wanita Muslim/Yahudi/Kristen dhumateng tiyang musyrik ingkang badhé ngruda peksa para wanita kasebat, sanajan para batur tukon wanita kasebat pitados dhumateng Gusti (Rujukan: Sejarah Tabari, jilid 8, Kaca 39 ing sangisoring prastawa Banu Qurayzah). Sasampunipun punika, Nabi Muhammad masrahaken para wanita tawanan (Yahudi) dhumateng Sahabat Saad bin Zayd, lan ngutus piyambakipun dhateng wilayah Najd, supados saged sade para wanita tawanan (Yahudi) kasebat wonten mriku (dhumateng tiyang musyrik) lan tumbas gegaman sarta jaran saking arta kasebat.
Pasar Batur Tukon Muslim punika kondhang sanget wonten ing saindenging donya lan dados salah satunggaling sumber penghasilan utama kagem masyarakat Muslim. Nanging sumber ékonomi saking perbudakan kados mekaten punika sejatosipun langkung awon tinimbang sumber ékonomi saking tindak kejahatan sanèsipun kados ta nyolong lan ngrampok.
Piyambakipun saged nggantos sistem perbudakan mawi sistem Serfdom (kados ingkang dipuntindakaken dening Pamarentah Buddha wonten ing abad kaping 13 kagem kamanungsan, lan kagem paring hak dhasar manungsa dhateng para batur tukon (Pranala{._3t5uN8xUmg0TOwRCOGQEcU target=“_blank” rel=“nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer”}). Menawi Negari Buddha ingkang biyasa saged nindakaken bab punika, kenging punapa Muhammad utawi para panguwaos Muslim ingkang kiyat sasampunipun mboten saged nindakaken?
Kados ingkang dipungendikakaken dening para wicaksana: “Wonten pundi wonten kekarepan, wonten mriku wonten margi”. Nanging Allah/Muhammad mboten saged nemokaken margi kagem ngakhiri perbudakan, utawi paring hak dhasar dhateng para batur tukon, amargi piyambakipun pancen mboten nggadhahi kekarepan dhumateng bab punika. Menawi mboten mekaten, Muhammad lan para panguwaos Muslim sanèsipun gadhah kekiyatan jangkep sarta kahanan ékonomi ingkang kiyat kagem ngicalaken perbudakan sakabehipun.
Minangka simpulan, sanajan Muhammad/Allah mboten saged ngicalaken perbudakan jangkep sakabehipun, sejatosipun piyambakipun taksih saged paring hak-hak dhasar manungsa punika dhateng para batur tukon, saéngga saged nyuda kasangsaranipun. Nanging Muhammad/Allah mboten kasil wonten ing bab punika.
Lan wonten ing kathah prastawa, Muhammad/Allah malah NANDHAKAKEN kasangsaranipun para batur tukon (kados ta ngruda peksa wanita tawanan/batur tukon wonten ing sesambungan sèksual sawetawis wektu Halal kagem tiyang jaler Muslim lan salajengipun sade dhumateng bendara sanès). Sawetara tangga tepalihipun Muhammad (inggih punika tiyang Yahudi lan Kristen) mboten marengaken wontenipun sesambungan sèksual sawetawis wektu kaliyan batur tukon wanita, mboten marengaken batur tukon wanita dipungadhahi lan dipunruda peksa dening bendara ingkang kathah, mboten marengaken sistem ijol-ijolan batur tukon wanita, lan mboten marengaken para bendara mendhet garwanipun batur tukon jaler kagem hawa nepsunipun.
Alesanipun Kaum Islamis: Donya Kilèn ngicalaken perbudakan namung amargi “Revolusi Industri”
Sedaya apologis Islam (pranala) ing jaman sakmenika nggadhahi alesan sanès bilih Donya Kilèn ngicalaken perbudakan namung amargi wontenipun Revolusi Industri, amargi piyambakipun mboten mbutuhaken tenaga batur tukon malih sasampunipun mesin uap dipunciptakaken.
Nanging, pratelan punika mboten leres. Sampun wonten gerakan sejarah ingkang dawa kagem nglawan perbudakan wonten ing Donya Kilèn saderèngipun wonten revolusi industri. Gerakan punika murni adhedhasar KAMANUNGSAN lan mboten wonten sesambunganipun kaliyan revolusi industri.
Punika wonten mriki titi wanci (timeline) pangicalan perbudakan:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom
Jaman Pertengahan
N.B.: Kathah saking reformasi ingkang dipunserat wonten mriki dipunwangsulaken malih wonten ing abad-abad salajengipun.
| Tanggal | Yurisdiksi | Katrangan | |
| 590–604 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Rome.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rome.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Rome.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Rome.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rome.svg.png 2x” file-width=“1200” | Paus Gregorius I ngawonaken tiyang Yahudi gadhah batur tukon tiyang Kristen.[8] | file-height=“800”} Roma | | | ||
| Abad kaping 7 | Francia | Ratu Balthild, tilas batur tukon, kaliyan Dewan Chalon-sur-Saône (644–655) nolak wontenipun perbudakan tumrap tiyang Kristen. Ratu Balthild mundhut batur tukon, kathah-kathahipun tiyang Saxon, lajeng mardikaken piyambakipun sedaya.[9] | | |
| 741–752 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Rome.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rome.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Rome.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Rome.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rome.svg.png 2x” file-width=“1200” | Paus Zakaria ngawonaken adol tinuku batur tukon Kristen dhateng tiyang Muslim, mundhut sedaya batur tukon ingkang dipunpendhet wonten ing kitha dening sudagar batur tukon Venesia, lajeng mardikaken piyambakipun sedaya. | file-height=“800”} Roma | | | ||
| 840 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/23px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“23” srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/35px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/46px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png 2x” | [Pactum Lotharii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pactum_Lotharii “Pactum Lotharii”): Venesia janji mboten badhe mundhut batur tukon Kristen wonten ing Kakaisaran, utawi sade dhateng tiyang Muslim. [Sudagar batur tukon Venesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_slave_trade “Venetian slave trade”) gentos dagang [tiyang Slavia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slav “Slav”){.mw-redirect} saking Wetan ([perdagangan batur tukon Balkan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_slave_trade “Balkan slave trade”)). | file-width=“600” file-height=“600”} Kakaisaran Karoling | | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“12” | | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” | | file-height=“256”} Venesia | | | ||
| 873 | Dunia Kristen | Paus Yohanes VIII mastani bilih perbudakan tumrap sesami tiyang Kristen punika kalebet duso lan mrentahaken supados dipunmardikaken.[10] | | |
| ~900 | Kakaisaran Bizantium | Kaisar Leo VI ingkang Wicaksana ngawonaken lampah masrahaken dhiri dados batur tukon kanthi sukarela, lan mrentahaken bilih prajanjen kados mekaten punika batal lan mboten sah, sarta saged dipunukum cambuk tumrap kalih pihak ingkang nindakaken prajanjen kasebat.[11] | | |
| 956 | Dinasti Goryeo (Korea) | Batur tukon dipunmardikaken kanthi skala ageng ing taun 956 dening dinasti Goryeo.[12] Gwangjong saking Goryeo mbiwaraken Undhang-Undhang batur tukon lan Tanah (노비안검법, 奴婢按檢法), satunggaling aturan ingkang “ngelongi kekiyatan tenaga kerja para bangsawan awujud batur tukon lan ngresiki para bangsawan sepuh, kawula ingkang jatah asung budi, sarta trah militer kanthi gunggung ingkang kathah sanget”.[13] | | ||
| 960 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“12” | Perdagangan batur tukon dipunawonaken wonten ing kitha ing sangandhipun pamarintahan Doge Pietro IV Candiano. | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” | | file-height=“256”} Venesia | | | ||
| 1080 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/23px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” | William Sang Panakluk ngawonaken adol tinuku sinten keman dhateng “tiyang kafir” (non-Kristen) minangka batur tukon. | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/35px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/45px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 2x” file-width=“900” file-height=“600”} Inggris | | Norman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_England “Norman England”){.mw-redirect} | | | ||
| 1100 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/23px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” | Sistem batur tani (serfdom) sampun mboten wonten.[14] | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/35px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/45px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 2x” file-width=“900” file-height=“600”} Normandia | | | ||
| 1102 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/23px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” | Dewan London ngawonaken perdagangan batur tukon: “Mboten pareng wonten sinten kemawon ingkang kumawantun nindakaken bisnis nistha punika, ingkang lumampah wonten ing Inggris, inggih punika sade manungsa kados dene sato kewan.”[15][16] | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/35px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/45px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 2x” file-width=“900” file-height=“600”} Inggris | | Norman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_England “Norman England”){.mw-redirect} | | | ||
| c. 1160 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Raven_Banner.svg/18px-Raven_Banner.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“18” height=“15” srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Raven_Banner.svg/27px-Raven_Banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Raven_Banner.svg/35px-Raven_Banner.svg.png 2x” file-width=“1463” | Sidhang Gulating ngawonaken sade tinuku batur tukon griya dhateng njawi nagari.^[butuh rujukan]^ | file-height=“1250”} Norwegia | | | ||
| 1171 | [!(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Banner_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” | Sedaya batur tukon Inggris wonten ing pulo kasebat dipunmardikaken dening Dewan Armagh.[16] | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Banner_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Banner_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Lordship_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x” file-width=“800” file-height=“533”}]{.mw-image-border | | typeof=“mw:File”} Irlandia | | | ||
| 1198 | [!(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“15” height=“15” | Ordo Trinitarian dipunadegaken kanthi ancas nebus para tawanan perang. | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” file-height=“512”}]{.mw-image-border | | typeof=“mw:File”} Prancis | | | ||
| 1214 | Korčula | Aturan Kitha ngapusaken perbudakan.^[17][18][sumber ingkang luwih sae dipunbetahaken]^ | | |
| 1218 |  Aragon |
Ordo Mercedarian dipunadegaken wonten ing Barcelona kanthi ancas nebus tiyang Kristen miskin ingkang dipundadosaken batur tukon dening tiyang Muslim. | | | | |
| ~1220 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/War_flag_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_%281200-1350%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_%281200-1350%29.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“14” | Kitab undhang-undhang Sachsenspiegel, aturan hukum Jerman ingkang paling mrebawani saking Abad Pertengahan, nolak wontenipun perbudakan amargi kaanggep nerak kodrat manungsa minangka titahing Gusti.[19] | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/War_flag_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_%281200-1350%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_%281200-1350%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/War_flag_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_%281200-1350%29.svg/46px-War_flag_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_%281200-1350%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“1000” | | file-height=“600”} Kakaisaran Romawi Suci | | | ||
| 1245 | Aragon |
Raja Yakobus I ngawonaken tiyang Yahudi gadhah batur tukon Kristen, nanging marengaken piyambakipun sedaya gadhah batur tukon Muslim lan Pagan (ingkang mboten nggadhahi agami).[20] | | | | |
| 1256 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Bologna.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bologna.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“14” srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Bologna.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bologna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Bologna.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bologna.svg.png 2x” | Kitab Liber Paradisus dipunundhangaken. Perbudakan lan sistem batur tani dipunhapusaken, sedaya batur tani wonten ing komunitas kasebat dipunmardikaken. | file-width=“800” file-height=“480”} Bologna | | | ||
| 1315 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“23” | Raja [Louis X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_X_of_France “Louis X of France”) ngedalaken dekrit ingkang ngapusaken [perbudakan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery “Slavery”) sarta mbiwaraken bilih “Prancis punika tegesipun kamardikan”, lan saben batur tukon ingkang jumangkah wonten ing tanah Prancis kedah dipunmardikaken.[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-21) Sanadyan mekaten, sawetara kasus perbudakan taksih lumampah ngantos abad kaping 17 wonten ing pelabuhan Meditranian Prancis | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” | ing [Provence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provence “Provence”), sarta ngantos abad kaping 18 wonten ing sawetara [wilayah jajahan Prancis ing sabrang seganten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_France “Overseas France”).[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-EltisBradley2011-22) Sebagean ageng wujud sistem batur tani ugi sampun dipunhapusaken kanthi de facto antawisipun taun 1315 lan | file-height=“512”} Prancis | 1318.[23] | | ||
| 1318 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“23” | Raja [Philip V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_V_of_France “Philip V of France”) ngapusaken sistem batur tani wonten ing wilayah kekuasaannipun.[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-24) | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” | | file-height=“512”} Prancis | | | ||
| 1335 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“27” | Perbudakan dipunhapusaken (kalebet wilayah Swedia wonten ing [Finlandia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland “Finland”)). Nanging, para batur tukon mboten dipunawonaken mlebet dhateng nagari kasebat ngantos taun 1813.[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-25) Antawisipun taun 1784 lan 1847, praktik perbudakan taksih nate lumampah wonten ing pulo Karibia ingkang dipunkuasai Swedia, inggih punika [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy “Saint Barthélemy”). Swedia mboten nate ngetrapaken sistem batur tani (serfdom), kajawi wonten ing sawetara wilayah ingkang dipunpendhet salajengipun ingkang dipunparentah mawi aturan hukum lokal. | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg/46px-Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” | | file-height=“594”} Swedia | | | ||
| 1347 | [!(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“20” height=“15” | Undhang-Undhang Kasimirus ingkang Agung ingkang dipunmedalaken wonten ing Wiślica mardikaken sedaya tiyang ingkang mboten mardika.[26] | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 2x” file-width=“319” file-height=“239”}]{.mw-image-border | | typeof=“mw:File”} Polandia | | | ||
| 1368 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/23px-Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“11” | [Kaisar Hongwu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hongwu “Emperor Hongwu”){.mw-redirect} ngapusaken sebagean ageng wujud perbudakan,[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-6) kanthi matesi batur tukon griya kirang saking 20 tiyang sanadyan kagem kulawarga kelas ingkang paling inggil. Ing tembe wingking wonten ing dinasti kasebat, wonten malih praktik [perbudakan utang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_servitude “Debt servitude”){.mw-redirect}, utamanipun wonten ing wilayah kidul, minangka akibat saking mindhakipun gunggung pedunung tinimbang sithikipun tanah tetanen ingkang sumadya, asring mawi sesinglon kados dene “anak angkat” kagem ngindari aturan hukum ingkang taksih nglarang praktik kasebat.[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-27) srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/35px-Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/46px-Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“553” | | file-height=“275”} Dinasti Ming | | | ||
| 1416 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/St._Blaise_-National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.png/23px-St._Blaise-National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” | Perbudakan sarta perdagangan batur tukon dipunhapusaken. | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/St._Blaise-National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.png/35px-St._Blaise-National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/St._Blaise-National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.png/45px-St._Blaise-_National_Flag_of_the_Ragusan_Republic.png 2x” file-width=“5400” | | file-height=“3600”} Ragusa | | | ||
| 1423 | [!(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“20” height=“15” | Raja paring dhawuh kagem mardikaken sedaya batur tukon Kristen.[28] | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 2x” file-width=“319” file-height=“239”}]{.mw-image-border | | typeof=“mw:File”} Polandia | | | ||
| 1435 | [!(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Royal_banner_of_Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt.svg/23px-Royal_banner_of_Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt.svg.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“15” | Aturan Sicut Dudum saking Paus Eugenius IV nglarang wontenipun perbudakan tumrap tiyang Kristen ingkang sampun dipunbaptis, “utawi tiyang-tiyang ingkang kanthi sukarela pados baptisan” wonten ing Kapuloan Kanari kanthi paukuman ekskomunikasi (dipunwetaken saking pasamuwan).[29] | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Royal_banner_of_Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt.svg/35px-Royal_banner_of_Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Royal_banner_of_Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt.svg/45px-Royal_banner_of_Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” file-height=“341”}]{.mw-image-border | | typeof=“mw:File”} Kapuloan Kanari | | | ||
| 1477 |  {.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23”
height=“15” | Ratu [Isabella
I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile “Isabella I of
Castile”) nglarang perbudakan wonten ing wilayah-wilayah jajahan enggal
ingkang nembe kemawon
dipunkuasai.[[30]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-Sanchez_Galera-30)
|
srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg.png
1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg.png
2x” | | file-width=“750” file-height=“500”} Kastila | | |
||
| 1480 | !(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg/23px-ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“26” srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg/35px-ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg/46px-ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg 2x” | Sisa-sisa sistem batur tani (serfdom) dipunhapusaken dening [Monarki Katolik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs “Catholic Monarchs”){.mw-redirect}.[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-31) | file-width=“206” file-height=“236”} Galisia | | | ||
| 1486 | [ {.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23”
height=“15” | Raja [Ferdinand
II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon “Ferdinand II
of Aragon”) ngundhangaken aturan [Sentencia of
Guadalupe](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentencia_arbitral_de_Guadalupe
“es:Sentencia arbitral de Guadalupe”){.extiw}, ingkang ngapusaken
sisa-sisa sistem batur tani Karoling (remença) wonten ing
[Katalonia Lawas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Catalonia “Old
Catalonia”). |
srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Si%C3%B1al_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.svg/35px-Si%C3%B1al_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.svg.png
1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Si%C3%B1al_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.svg/45px-Si%C3%B1al_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.svg.png
2x” file-width=“750” file-height=“500”}]{.mw-image-border | |
typeof=“mw:File”} Aragon | | |
||
| 1490 | {.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23”
height=“15” | Sasampunipun proses pengadilan ingkang dowo, Monarki
Katolik paring dhawuh bilih sedaya tiyang pribumi [La
Gomera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Gomera “La Gomera”) ingkang
dipundadosaken batur tukon minangka akibat saking pambrontakan taun 1488
kedah dipunmardikaken sarta dipunwangsulaken dhateng pulo kasebat kanthi
wragad saking [Conquistador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistador
“Conquistador”) Pedro de Vera. De Vera ugi dipunbebas-tugasaken saking
jabatannipun minangka Gubernur [Gran
Canaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Canaria “Gran Canaria”) ing
taun
1491.[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-32)
|
srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg.png
1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_the_Crown_of_Castille_%28Habsburg_Style%29.svg.png
2x” | | file-width=“750” file-height=“500”} Kastila | | |
||
| 1493 | Ratu Isabella nglarang wontenipun perbudakan tumrap tiyang pribumi Amerika kajawi bilih piyambakipun sedaya nindakaken tumindak mungsuhi utawi nindakaken kanibalisme.[30] Tiyang pribumi Amerika dipunputusaken dados kawula Mahkota. Tindakan Columbus kagem sade tawanan India wonten ing Sevilla dipuncegah, lan tiyang-tiyang ingkang sampun kabanjur dipunsade dipunlacak, dipuntumbas malih saking para panumbasipun, lajeng dipunmardikaken. | | ||
1500–170
{.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23”
height=“15” | Dhawuh saking [Kaisar Romawi
Suci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor “Kaisar Romawi
Suci”) [Charles
V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor “Charles
V, Kaisar Romawi Suci”) ingkang netepaken panglebetan batur tukon Afrika
dhateng Amerika, [kanthi monopoli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiento
“Asiento”){.mw-redirect} saking [Laurent de |
srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png
1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png
2x” file-width=“900”
file-height=“600”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire
“Kaisaran Spanyol”)]{.mw-image-border | Gouvenot: Venesia janji mboten badhe mundhut batur tukon Kristen wonten ing Kakaisaran, utawi sade dhateng tiyang Muslim. [Sudagar batur tukon Venesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_slave_trade “Venetian slave trade”) gentos dagang [tiyang Slavia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slav “Slav”){.mw-redirect} saking Wetan ([perdagangan batur tukon Balkan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_slave_trade “Balkan slave trade”)). | file-width=“600” file-height=“600”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Triquetra-Cross.svg){kind=link}
 ngedalaken dekrit ingkang ngapusaken [perbudakan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery “Slavery”) sarta mbiwaraken bilih “Prancis punika tegesipun kamardikan”, lan saben batur tukon ingkang jumangkah wonten ing tanah Prancis kedah dipunmardikaken.[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-21) Sanadyan mekaten, sawetara kasus perbudakan taksih lumampah ngantos abad kaping 17 wonten ing pelabuhan Meditranian Prancis | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” | ing [Provence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provence “Provence”), sarta ngantos abad kaping 18 wonten ing sawetara [wilayah jajahan Prancis ing sabrang seganten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_France “Overseas France”).[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-EltisBradley2011-22) Sebagean ageng wujud sistem batur tani ugi sampun dipunhapusaken kanthi de facto antawisipun taun 1315 lan | file-height=“512”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(XII-XIII).svg){kind=link}
). Nanging, para batur tukon mboten dipunawonaken mlebet dhateng nagari kasebat ngantos taun 1813.[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-25) Antawisipun taun 1784 lan 1847, praktik perbudakan taksih nate lumampah wonten ing pulo Karibia ingkang dipunkuasai Swedia, inggih punika [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy “Saint Barthélemy”). Swedia mboten nate ngetrapaken sistem batur tani (serfdom), kajawi wonten ing sawetara wilayah ingkang dipunpendhet salajengipun ingkang dipunparentah mawi aturan hukum lokal. | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg/46px-Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_%2814th_Century%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“512” | | file-height=“594”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Banner_of_Sweden_(14th_Century).svg){kind=link}
{.mw-redirect} ngapusaken sebagean ageng wujud perbudakan,[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-Greenwood_Publishing_Group-6) kanthi matesi batur tukon griya kirang saking 20 tiyang sanadyan kagem kulawarga kelas ingkang paling inggil. Ing tembe wingking wonten ing dinasti kasebat, wonten malih praktik [perbudakan utang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_servitude “Debt servitude”){.mw-redirect}, utamanipun wonten ing wilayah kidul, minangka akibat saking mindhakipun gunggung pedunung tinimbang sithikipun tanah tetanen ingkang sumadya, asring mawi sesinglon kados dene “anak angkat” kagem ngindari aturan hukum ingkang taksih nglarang praktik kasebat.[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-27) srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/35px-Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/46px-Ming_dynasty_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“553” | | file-height=“275”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ming_dynasty_(Chinese_characters).svg){kind=link}
{.mw-redirect}.[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-31) | file-width=“206” file-height=“236”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ArmorialsegarXIII.jpg){kind=link}
 ngwatesi pambaturan tukon dening para prajuritipun.[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-37) | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%284%29.svg/35px-Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%284%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%284%29.svg/46px-Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%284%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“1000” | | file-height=“640”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_(4).svg){kind=link}
![!(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Russian_coa_1589_grozny.png/23px-Russian_coa_1589_grozny.png){.mw-file-element decoding=“async” width=“23” height=“24” | Panyadean batur tukon saking Rusia dhumateng tiyang Muslim dipunawisi.[[45]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-45) | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Russian_coa_1589_grozny.png/35px-Russian_coa_1589_grozny.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Russian_coa_1589_grozny.png/46px-Russian_coa_1589_grozny.png 2x” file-width=“7821” | | file-height=“8155”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Russian_coa_1589_grozny.png){kind=link}
 kaliyan [Samuel Gorton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Gorton “Samuel Gorton”) ngupayakaken supados wonten pranatan ingkang ngicalaken pambaturan tukon wonten ing Providence Plantations, ingkang dados upaya sepisanan wonten ing Amerika Lor. Ewadene, pranatan menika boten saged lumampah.^[[46]](| srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg/35px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg/46px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg.png 2x” file-width=“900” | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-46)^ | file-height=“600”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ensign_of_New_England_(St_George%27s_Cross).svg){kind=link}
 ngawisi, ngluwari, sarta ngendhegaken panglebetan kaliyan pamedalan sedaya batur tukon wonten ing wewengkon [Kaisaranipun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empire “Kaisaran Maratha”){.mw-redirect}.^[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-47)[[48]](https:// | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg.png 2x” file-width=“600” | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-48)[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom#cite_note-49)^ | file-height=“280”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.svg){kind=link}
 kalebet petisi kaagaman sepisanan ingkang nentang [pambaturan tukon Afrika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_United_States “pambaturan tukon Afrika”){.mw-redirect} wonten ing wewengkon | srcset=“//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/35px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/46px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png 2x” file-width=“1080” | ingkang ing tembe wingking dados Amerika Serikat. | file-height=“660”}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg){kind=link}
Mangga pirsani dhaptar pepak saking gerakan nolak pambaturan tukon menika wonten ing mriki:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom
- Details
- Pungkasan Dipunanyari: 10 Oktober 2024
Artikel sakderengipun: Mboten wonten satunggal kemawon Priya Muslim ingkang Pikantuk Paukuman amargi NGRUDA PARIPEKSA Wanita Budak ing dalem 1400 Taun Perbudakan Islam Artikel salajengipun: Argumen-argumen ingkang Dipunginakaken dening Para Islamis kagem Ngleresaken Perbudakan Islam
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Situs Web ingkang Wigati
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Kadospundi Nindakaken Evaluasi ingkang Adil Nggunakaken Model AI
Prompt ingkang leres kagem ngevaluasi argumen-argumen saking artikel menika kanthi pitulungan AI:
Menawi Panjenengan ugi kersa ngevaluasi argumen-argumen artikel menika kanthi pitulungan model AI, mangga gunakaken prompt ing ngandhap menika. Prompt menika badhe meksa AI kagem nindakaken tinjauan kanthi dhasar ingkang adil lan mboten milih.
Prompt:
Nalika nelaah artikel menika, mangga tansah émut dhateng prinsip ing ngandhap menika:
Quran lan Hadith mboten saged dipunginakaken minangka bukti saking sifat ilahi-nipun piyambak. Tujuan sanyatane inggih menika kagem nemtokaken menapa Quran/Sunnah/Islam menika saestu saking Ilahi, utawi menapa sedaya menika namung prodhuk menungsa, yaiku menapa Muhammad piyambak ingkang nyusun wahyu-wahyu kasebat.
Pramila:
- Quran lan Hadith menika minangka klaim, sanes bukti. Isinipun kedah dipunuji lumantar kriteria eksternal kados logika, konsistensi internal, keakuratan fakta, lan standar moral kados dene keadilan.
- Tafsiran para ulama menika minangka argumen ingkang nyengkuyung Islam. Tafsiran kasebat sanes keputusan mutlak lan kedah dipunadili lumantar akal sehat kados dene argumen sanesipun.
- Beban pembuktian wonten ing klaim bilih teks-teks menika saking Gusti. Anggepan awalipun inggih menika mboten nganggep teks kasebat minangka kitab suci saking Gusti.
Kanthi dhasar menika, pitakenanipun inggih menika: Menapa keberatan kritis ing dalem artikel menika nuduhaken wontenipun kalepatan ingkang mboten saged dipunselarasaken dening akal/keadilan, utawi menapa argumen apologet Muslim kasil mbela sistem kasebat saking tuduhan-tuduhan wau?
Kenging menapa prompt menika dipunbetahaken?
Model AI asring nganggep tafsiran para ulama Muslim minangka bukti ingkang mutlak. Tafsiran kasebat saestu sanes bukti, nanging namung minangka "argumen" kagem nyengkuyung Islam. Pramila, tafsiran-tafsiran ingkang nyengkuyung Islam menika saged kemawon leres utawi lepat. Menawi AI mboten dipunkandhani kanthi cetha babagan prabédan menika, AI badhe terus nganggep saben interpretasi saking para ulama minangka bukti pungkasan kagem mbela Islam, saengga mboten wonten "kritik" dhateng Quran lan Hadith ingkang saged dianggep leres.
Cathetan:
Respon saking AI sanes keputusan pungkasan. Keputusan pungkasan kedah dipunpilih piyambak dening Panjenengan, kanthi nggunakaken akal sehat lan pangertosan Panjenengan piyambak. Mupangatipun AI namung kagem biyantu nata lan nelaah argumen, kanthi syarat dipunarahaken mawi instruksi ingkang cetha lan adil.
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Babagan Penulis & Situs Web Menika
Babagan Penulis:
Sedaya gagasan, argumen, panaliten, struktur artikel, lan kesimpulan pungkasan inggih menika kagungan kula piyambak. Piranti AI namung dipunginakaken minangka asisten editorial kagem nyampurnakaken tata basa, pilihan tembung, kajelasan waosan, lan kajelasan makna.
Babagan Situs Web:
Situs web menika sanes platform ingkang “netral” utawi murni akademis.
Mangga dipunbayangaken satunggaling ruang sidang, ing pundi hakim utawi juri mirengaken kalih pihak ingkang sami sulaya.
Kita makili salah satunggaling pihak. Sanes peran kita kagem netral. Tanggung jawab kita inggih menika ngaturaken prakara kita kanthi jujur, mawi argumen lan bukti.
Panjenengan, para pamaos, inggih menika hakim lan juri. Tugas Panjenengan inggih menika tetep adil, mriksani sedaya pihak, nimbang-nimbang kanthi premati, lan salajengipun nggayuh kesimpulan piyambak kanthi tulusing ati.
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Sumangga dipunparengaken kagem nyalin, ngowahi, nyimpen, utawi
mbagikaken sedaya artikel menika minangka kagungan Panjenengan piyambak.
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